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Place must be 18 or over. Welcome to a history of Europe, Key Battles, the Battle of Las Navas de Toulosa, part four of five.

By the year 1173, the Almohad dynasty had established a powerful empire in northern Africa and southern Spain.

Their control of Al-Andalus was now secure, especially after the death of their principal enemy, Ibn Madanish, also known as Ere Lobo.

In September of that year, they launched a massive attack against the Kingdom of Leon.

Having recently signed truces with both Castile and Portugal, they were able to devote all their efforts to the operation.

The southern frontier of Fernando II of Leon collapsed, and the towns of Alcantara and Catharis rapidly fell.

Leonese territories south of the River Tagus were sacked, forcing the population to flee northwards to the city of Thudad Rodrigo.

King Fernando had made great efforts in the last decade to repopulate Thurad Rodrigo and its environs,

and to turn the city into the key defensive linchpin of the region.

To this purpose he had ordered the construction of walls two kilometres in length around the city.

When the Alma had survived in 1174, the walls were not yet complete,

but fortunately for the Leonese, sufficient to keep out the enemy during

a protracted siege.

...