This is Scientific Americans 60 Second Science.

I'm Steve Mursky.

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The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2015 Nobel Prize in physics to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald

for the discovery of Nutrine Ocelations which shows that Neutrinos have mass.

Goran Hanson, Secretary General of the Academy a few minutes before 6 a.m. Eastern time.

Kajita is at the University of Tokyo.

McDonald is with Queen's University in Kingston, Canada.

At this moment, in this room, there are more than a billion neutrinos which travel almost at the

speed of light. Anne Lulier is the chair of the Nobel Physics Committee.

These elementary particles are the second most abundant in the universe next to the photons which

are the particles of light.

They are created in nuclear reactions, for example in the sun, in stars. They

interacted very little with the environment, for example they can go through Earth without being stopped.

There are three kinds of neutrinos, electron neutrinos,

muonutrinos and Ta-Nutrinos.

This year's price is awarded to the experiment discovery that neutrinos can change identity.

For example, a muonutrino can become a tar neutrino and vice versa.

They oscillate.

The observations were made by two research groups, one at the super camu-cane detector in Japan

and the other at Subderi Neutrino Observatory in Canada.

The discovery implies that neutrinos

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