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Within Reason

#150 Materialist AND Panpsychism are True - Galen Strawson

Within Reason

Alex J O'Connor

Philosophy, Society & Culture

4.92.2K Ratings

🗓️ 8 April 2026

⏱️ 59 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Get Huel today with this exclusive offer for New Customers of 15% OFF with code alexoconnor at https://huel.com/alexoconnor (Minimum $50 purchase).For early, ad-free access to videos, and to support the channel, subscribe to my Substack: https://www.alexoconnor.com.Galen Strawson is a British analytic philosopher and literary critic who works primarily on philosophy of mind, metaphysics, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche.TIMESTAMPS:00:00 - Is Radical Emergence Possible?08:15 - Can Physics Describe Consciousness?12:01 - Is Everything Made of Consciousness?18:34 - Why Are People Resistant to Panpsychism?21:19 - Can Experience Alone Tell Us What Consciousness Is?23:50 - Does Consciousness Require Complexity?29:03 - Panpsychism vs Idealism: What’s the Difference?36:08 - The Combination Problem40:03 - What is the “Self”?43:16 - Do We Even Need to Explain Consciousness?48:25 - Is Consciousness a Scientific or Philosophical Question?53:25 - Is It Possible for AI to Become Conscious?

Transcript

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0:00.0

Galen Straussen, welcome to the show.

0:02.2

Hello, good to be here.

0:04.1

You are a physicalist, that is to say, what some people call a naturalist.

0:10.2

You also describe yourself as a panpsychist, or at least sort of aligning yourself with these terms in relatively specific ways.

0:17.9

I want to get into that, because I think my audience will find it interesting.

0:20.5

But first, just before we started talking, you said that the trouble with speaking about this

0:25.5

kind of stuff is that it's just so difficult to get people to agree with you. What do you

0:30.4

think is the sort of unintuitive central claim that when you start trying to explain your views

0:35.6

to people, they just switch off?

0:43.5

Well, one of the part of it is that there are a whole set of blockers, as I see it, and one of the blockers is just an normal meaning of the word physical in everyday life. People think that it

0:51.0

actually carries as part of its meaning meaning the idea that the physical is

0:56.4

not intrinsically conscious or is not in its fundamental nature conscious in any way at all.

1:04.4

And it's very hard to get it.

1:06.3

That's the first thing that it's very hard to get over.

1:09.5

And so what I do, I mean, you must stop me at any

1:11.6

time, but what I do is start by saying that you have to look at physics. And there's this great

1:18.1

theme I have, which is I call the silence of physics, which if you look at physics, it doesn't

1:23.5

make any claims at all about the intrinsic nature of the stuff whose structure it describes with equations.

1:29.3

So the field should be understood to be open to the idea that there might be consciousness in some form,

1:36.3

even at the very fundamental level, and there are many advantages in that view.

1:41.3

Yeah, this is a really important point about physics that I talk about all the time,

1:47.0

which is to say that it essentially describes relations, but it doesn't tell you about the nature of the things which are related.

...

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