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Simon Blackburn, welcome to the show. Thank you very much. Thank you for having me.

Most people who think about ethics know that there are kind of two ways of thinking about it. You've

got realism on the one side. Ethics is a real thing. There are real truths to know about facts

like murder is wrong and anti-realism on the other side that ethics is not real, that it's

made up a matter of opinion, that kind of thing.

Most people are familiar with that distinction, and maybe we can dig into it, but there's

this other distinction, which sometimes crops up, between cognitiveism and non-cognitivism in ethics,

which is not the same thing. So could you tell us what cognitiveism and

non-cognitivism in ethics is? Well, of course, the root for cognitiveism is knowledge,

cognition, and the battleground is or used to be, between the realists who say we have knowledge.

It's not only that they are real truths out there.

It's also we know which they are.

That's cognitiveism.

And non-cognitivists who said,

no, it is made up.

...