The Hello and welcome back to the history of ancient Greece episode 20 the

intellectual revolution.

Like lyric poetry, philosophy arose with the awakening of the Greek world in the archaic period.

Philosophy literally comes lovers of wisdom.

But, in the Greek words,

Phyllos, or love, and Sophia, wisdom.

Thus philosophers literally are lovers of wisdom.

But in antiquity, the line between philosophy and theoretical science was not clearly

drawn, and most of these new intellectual thinkers were both. The earliest Greek philosophers, some of whom were the first to write in prose,

are called the pre-Socratics to distinguish them from the disciples of Socrates, who lived in

Athens during the classical period.

The pre-Socratic are also clearly differentiated from the Socratic's

in that the former concentrated their attention

on the structure and development of the physical universe.

While the latter was more interested in ethics and in the role human beings played,

in relationship to one another and to the larger society.

In classical antiquity, the

pre-Socratic were called physiologoy from physis or nature and logos, which

means order or reason.

Thus, they are those who study the order of nature, or as we call them, natural philosophers.

Aristotle called them Physicoi, oricists because they sought natural explanations for

phenomena as opposed to the earlier Theologoy or Theologians whose philosophical basis was intervention by divine beings.

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