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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

Only a few kinds of animals are known to learn their vocalizations from listening to others.

Us, of course, elephants, bats, cetaceans, that's whales and dolphins, pinnipeds, which

is walruses, seals, and sea lions, and parrots, hummingbirds, and songbirds.

That's it.

When your cat meows or your dog barks, it does that because it has genetically inherited that sound.

But birds are like us.

Young animals have to hear adults in order to develop normal sounds.

University of Windsor biologist Daniel Menel.

There have been hundreds of conventional experiments done in laboratories with captive birds

that support the idea that young birds learn to sing by listening to older birds.

These studies also taught us that birds like humans have what's called

a sensitive period early in life, a time when they are most disposed to learn how to vocalize

from their elders. But nobody ever did one of those experiments with wild birds. Observational studies,

yes, but no true experiments. Until now, thanks to some wild savannah sparrows.

So this population of savanna sparrows lives on an island in the Bay of Fundy in eastern North America,

and it's been studied since the 1960s, and so we know a lot about this population.

...