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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Steve Merski.

It's the truth for all of our senses that they are there to convert physical energy in the surrounding world into electrical responses, which are the common currency that the nervous system uses.

Rockefeller University neuroscientist James Hudspeth.

So our eyes and the photoreceptors there have to convert light into electricity.

Our ears similarly have to convert mechanical vibrations in the air into electrical responses.

And the way this is done is there are so-called hair cells.

These cells have little microscopic bristles,

about a hundred of them, and on the top of each cell, these bristles vibrate back and forth

in response to sound. That sets up an electrical signal that then goes down a neurofiber and

into the brain. Hudspeth, the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Robert Fettyplace, and the Pasteur

Institute's Christine Petit shared the

2018 Cavley Prize in neuroscience for their work on the molecular and neural mechanisms of hearing.

Huddspeth and Fetterplace both spoke April 9th at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C.

at an event honoring 10 U.S. Nobel and Cavley Prize laureates.

The evening was sponsored by the Cavley Prize and produced by Scientific American. More from

Hudspeth. And the real question then is, what happens with these hair cells? As they

degenerate, we lose them owing to loud sounds, we lose them owing to certain legitimate

...