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Hi, and welcome to the Longview. I'm Christine Ben's Director of Personal Finance and Retirement Planning for Morningstar.

And I'm Jeff Patak, Chief Ratings Officer for Morning Star Research Services.

Our guest on the podcast today is Wade Fow. Wade is Professor of Retirement Income in the Ph.D.

in Financial and Retirement Planning Program at the American College of Financial Services.

He's also co-director of the American College Center for Retirement Income and RICP Program

Director at the American College.

Wade has written several books, including his most recent Retirement Planning Guidebook.

He is a co-editor of the Journal of Personal Finance, and he publishes frequently in a wide variety of academic and practitioner research journals.

He hosts the retirement researcher blog and is a regular contributor to advisor perspectives, Market Watch, and Forbes.

Wade holds a doctorate in economics and a master's degree from Princeton University and Bachelor of

Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees from the University of Iowa. He is also a chartered financial analyst.

Wade, welcome back to the Longview. Thanks, Christine. It's a pleasure to be back. Well, it's great to

have you here. Now, we want to spend some time today discussing the challenges of the current environment for retirement planning. But before we get into that, let's discuss retirement income styles, which you discuss in depth in your book, Retirement Planning Guidebook. It sounds like you think identifying a personal retirement income style is really foundational to the whole retirement

planning process. It can help inform any number of decisions that a pre-retiree might make

subsequently. So can you discuss this concept of retirement income style?

Absolutely. And I do view this really now as step one of when you're starting to think about

...