Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years.

Yacold also partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for gut health, an investigator-led research program.

To learn more about Yachtolt, visit yacolp.co.

That's Y-A-K-U-L-T-C-O-J-P. When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on Yacolt.

This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Given much thought to the afterlife of your Christmas tree,

your city might recycle it into compost or mulch,

or it might rot in a landfill,

releasing methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

But seen through the eyes of a chemical engineer...

I thought, okay, this could be a good resource.

Cynthia Katte of the University of Sheffield.

She says the needles are 85% lignocellulose, a tough woody material.

But using heat and cheap solvents, Kati says she can transform pine needles into a liquid product called bio-oil,

which contains glucose, acetic acid, and phenols.

Useful stuff.

Glucose is used as sweetener in the food industry.

Acetic acid is mainly used for the manufacture of paint and adhesives.

It is also used for the manufacture of vinegar.

So basically, the vinegar you use in your home is diluted acetic acid.

And phenol is also used in the manufacture of certain bedsings.

...