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In Our Time

Thomas Becket

In Our Time

BBC

History

4.69.2K Ratings

🗓️ 14 December 2017

⏱️ 53 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the man who was Henry II's Chancellor and then Archbishop of Canterbury and who was murdered by knights in Canterbury Cathedral (depicted by Matthew Paris, above). Henry believed that Becket owed him loyalty as he had raised him to the highest offices, and that he should agree to Henry's courts having jurisdiction over 'criminous clerics'. They fell out when Becket agreed to this jurisdiction verbally but would not put his seal on the agreement, the Constitutions of Clarendon. The rift deepened when Henry's heir was crowned without Becket, who excommunicated the bishops who took part. Becket's tomb became one of the main destinations for pilgrims for the next 400 years, including those in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales where he was the 'blisful martir'. With Laura Ashe Associate Professor of English at Worcester College, University of Oxford Michael Staunton Associate Professor in History at University College Dublin And Danica Summerlin Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of Sheffield Producer: Simon Tillotson.

Transcript

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0:00.0

This is the BBC.

0:02.0

Thanks for downloading this episode of In Our Time.

0:05.0

There's a reading list to go with it on our website.

0:07.0

And you can get news about our programs if you follow us on Twitter at BBC In Our Time.

0:12.0

I hope you enjoyed the programs.

0:14.0

Hello Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, was murdered in his cathedral in December 1170

0:19.0

by four knights who'd come to arrest him as a traitor, as they thought to please the king.

0:24.0

Becket had once been King Henry II's Chancellor, friend and right-hand man

0:29.0

as Archbishop he'd become his enemy, blocking royal powers over clergy and excommunicating the Bishop's who

0:35.0

while Becket was hiding in France had crowned the King's older son as heir to the throne.

0:40.0

Becket's tune became a shrine.

0:42.0

He became a saint two years later and Canterbury became one of the main destinations for pilgrims across Europe

0:48.0

for the next 400 years until Henry VIII had his bones scattered in their reformation.

0:54.0

We're meeting to discuss Thomas Becket's art, Laura Ash, Associate Professor of English at Worcester College University of Oxford.

1:00.0

Michael Staunton, Associate Professor in History at University College Dublin, and Danica Summeling,

1:06.0

lecturer in medieval history at the University of Sheffield.

1:09.0

Michael Staunton Becket became one of the most powerful men in the land, but how did his life begin?

1:14.0

Thomas was born around 1118 in London.

1:17.0

He was from a comfortable middle-class background. His parents were immigrants from Normandy, Gilbert Becket and Matilda.

1:25.0

So he was Thomas Becket, he was never Thomas A Becket.

1:28.0

He grew up in a house in cheap side. He was educated in Merton Priory, studied in a grammar school.

1:38.0

His family had made money as his father was merchant and then made money from renting out property.

...

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