Therapy for Parents Can Ease Kids’ Anxiety, What Makes Fruit Mealy, and Lessons from the “Second Earth” Biosphere 2

Curiosity Weekly

Warner Bros. Discovery

Self-improvement, Science, Astronomy, Education

4.6 • 935 Ratings

🗓️ 18 May 2020

⏱️ 10 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

Learn about what makes fruit mealy; a new therapy technique for parents that could reduce their kids’ anxiety; and what scientists learned when they tried to build a second Earth, in the notorious story of “Biosphere 2.”

What makes fruit mealy? by Andrea Michelson

SciShow. (2020). What Makes Fruit Mealy? [YouTube Video]. In YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TckZ4WK5N6U
Christensen, E. (2009, September 16). Food Science: What Makes Apples Mealy. Kitchn; Apartment Therapy, LLC. https://www.thekitchn.com/food-science-what-makes-apples-95708
Mealy Fruit Chemistry — Renegade Kitchen. (2015, July 10). Renegade Kitchen. Renegade Kitchen. http://www.renegadekitchen.com/blog/mealy-fruit-chemistry
Builder, M. (2017, June 20). How to Store Nectarines and Peaches So They Don’t Get Mealy. Extra Crispy. https://www.myrecipes.com/extracrispy/how-to-store-nectarines-and-peaches-so-they-dont-get-mealy
Paniagua, C., Posé, S., Morris, V. J., Kirby, A. R., Quesada, M. A., & Mercado, J. A. (2014). Fruit softening and pectin disassembly: an overview of nanostructural pectin modifications assessed by atomic force microscopy. Annals of Botany, 114(6), 1375–1383. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu149
Brummell, D. A. (2004). Cell wall metabolism during the development of chilling injury in cold-stored peach fruit: association of mealiness with arrested disassembly of cell wall pectins. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(405), 2041–2052. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh228
Nara, K., Kato, Y., & Motomura, Y. (2001). Involvement of terminal-arabinose and -galactose pectic compounds in mealiness of apple fruit during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(00)00193-9

Giving parents therapy can help kids just as much as giving the kids therapy by Steffie Drucker

New treatment for childhood anxiety works by changing parent behavior. (2020). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200402110133.htm
New way to combat childhood anxiety: treat the parents. (2019, March 12). YaleNews. https://news.yale.edu/2019/03/12/new-way-combat-childhood-anxiety-treat-parents
CDC. (2020, April 3). Anxiety and depression in children: Get the facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/features/anxiety-depression-children.html
Lebowitz, E. R., Marin, C., Martino, A., Shimshoni, Y., & Silverman, W. K. (2020). Parent-Based Treatment as Efficacious as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Anxiety: A Randomized Noninferiority Study of Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(3), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.014
Love, S. (2020, April 16). Giving Parents Therapy Can Help Their Anxious Children. Vice; vice. https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/4agzvm/giving-parents-therapy-can-help-their-anxious-children

What scientists learned when they tried to build a second Earth by Cameron Duke

Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide | NOAA Climate.gov. (2000). Climate.Gov. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide
Keim, B. (2009, April 20). Biosphere 2 Not Such a Bust. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2009/04/biospheresci/
Jordan Fisher Smith. (2010, December 20). Life Under the Bubble. Discover Magazine; Discover Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/life-under-the-bubble
Nelson, M. (2018, August). Lessons from Biosphere 2. The Scientist Magazine®; The Scientist Magazine. https://www.the-scientist.com/reading-frames/lessons-from-biosphere-2-64464

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0:00.0	Hi, you're about to get smarter in just a few minutes with Curiosity Daily from Curiosity.com.
0:06.2	I'm Cody Gough. And I'm Ashley Hamer. Today you learn about what makes fruit mealy,
0:10.9	a new therapy technique for parents that could reduce their kids anxiety, and what
0:15.3	scientists learned when they tried to build a second Earth in the notorious story of Biosphere
0:20.3	2.
0:21.3	Let's satisfy some curiosity.
0:23.0	There's nothing like the disappointment of biting into a piece of fruit and realizing that it's
0:28.0	mealy.
0:29.0	You've waited days for it to ripen and you finally take a bite but instead of juicy crisp
0:33.9	deliciousness you're met with a dry cottony mouthful that you'd rather spit out.
0:38.3	Here's why it happens and what you can do about it. As a fruit ripens, a bunch of different things happen. It changes
0:45.5	color, starches convert to sugars, and it gets softer. That softening is due to substances breaking down in and around the cell walls, both a substance called
0:55.4	Pectin that holds the cells together and the cell walls themselves.
0:59.8	But if you interfere with the ripening process, that softening can happen all wrong.
1:04.8	When the Pectin breaks down, but the cell walls stay strong, the cells won't burst open and
1:09.4	release their delicious juice.
1:11.4	Instead, the flesh will just dissolve into individual cells.
1:15.0	That's meeliness. Nobody wants that.
1:18.0	But different fruit ripens in different ways.
1:21.0	So there are different ways to avoid mealy fruit, depending on which fruit you're talking about.
1:26.0	Apples are generally picked right before they're ripe, then stored in freezing temperatures
1:30.5	with low oxygen to keep them from ripening until right before they hit the stores.
	...

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