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Short Wave

The Stars That Settled The Great Debate

Short Wave

NPR

Daily News, Nature, Life Sciences, Astronomy, Science, News

4.7 β€’ 6K Ratings

πŸ—“οΈ 1 September 2022

⏱️ 11 minutes

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Summary

It may seem obvious now that other galaxies lie beyond the Milky Way, but less than 100 years ago, some astronomers held a view of our universe that was a little more ... self-centered. In the 1920s, astronomers were locked in the "Great Debate" β€” whether Earth was center of the universe and if the universe was just the Milky Way. Today, Scientist in Residence Regina G. Barber talks to Dr. Vicky Scowcroft about the stars that ended astronomy's Great Debate.

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Transcript

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0:00.0

You're listening to Shortwave from NPR.

0:08.7

When I look into the night sky, I'm in awe of the stars I see lighting up our little

0:13.0

part of the universe.

0:14.9

But every time, I hope I'm lucky enough to catch some of them twinkly.

0:20.1

Which in itself is not rare because Starlight gets jumbled in our atmosphere, but that's

0:25.0

not the twinkling I'm searching for.

0:28.2

What I want is the rare twinkling that comes from the star itself.

0:32.6

I want to see the periodic brightening and dimming of the elusive variable star.

0:38.0

And in 1920, these unique stars became a distance measuring tool used to argue the great debate

0:44.6

between two astronomers.

0:46.3

Hollow, Shapley, and Herbert D. Curtis.

0:49.8

They debated our solar systems place in the cosmos, and if our larger Milky Way galaxy

0:55.2

was the entire universe.

0:57.6

When astronomer Dr. Vicki Scocroff says, that's what Harlow Shapley thought.

1:02.0

So Shapley did think that we were it, but he thought it was bigger than we could see,

1:07.3

but still not huge.

1:09.6

Whereas Curtis thought our own galaxy was a little bit smaller, but that there were also

1:14.4

other galaxies.

1:15.8

Those potential other galaxies they were debating were these fuzzy blobs or nebulae, like

1:21.0

the Magellanic clouds.

1:23.2

No one knew how far away they were or what they were, but Curtis' camp thought that some

1:28.4

of these blobs, these other galaxies, were other universes.

...

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