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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taguata.

Songbirds can migrate for thousands of miles across the globe, and they have a lot of tools

to help them find their way. They can use the stars, they can use the sun, they can use smell,

they can use landmarks, they can use more or less anything that will help them.

Henrik Mowitsyn is a biologist at the University of Oldenberg in Germany.

Together with an international team of scientists, he investigated another sense birds can use

to help them, which is the Earth's magnetic field.

Peter Hoare is a physical chemist on that team at the University of Oxford in the UK.

We know that the magnetic sensors are in the bird's eyes, in their retinas.

And the most likely molecule was the protein cryptochrome.

But here's what they didn't know.

How does that light sensitive protein, cryptochrome, actually help the birds sense magnetic fields?

To find out, they made some, starting with the genome of a European robin, which is a migratory

species.

Basically, we have taken the genetic code from a night migratory songbird, put it into

a bacteria cell culture, ask this cell culture to make this protein, and then we send

this protein to Oxford.

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