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Witness History

The 'Nixon Shock' and the end of the Gold Standard

Witness History

BBC

History, Personal Journals, Society & Culture

4.41.6K Ratings

🗓️ 25 August 2022

⏱️ 10 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

In 1971, inflation was a huge problem in the USA so the President, Richard Nixon, made one of the most drastic moves in economic history: abandoning the Gold Standard. It became known as the 'Nixon Shock' and nearly caused a trade war between America and its allies. But, it also saved the US' economy from a crisis. Ben Henderson spoke to Bob Hormats, an economic adviser in the Nixon administration, who was at the heart of decision-making. (Picture from Bettmann via Getty Images: President Nixon with his economic advisers in 1971)

Transcript

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0:00.0

On the podium, the podcast where Olympic and Paralympic athletes share their remarkable personal journeys.

0:07.0

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0:11.0

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0:12.0

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0:15.0

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0:24.0

Hello and welcome to the witness history podcast from the BBC World Service, with me, Ben Henderson.

0:30.0

With inflation driving up the cost of living around the world, I'm taking you back to 1971,

0:36.0

when inflation was also a huge problem, causing the US President, Richard Nixon,

0:41.0

to make one of the most dramatic moves in economic history, abandoning the gold standard.

0:46.0

It became known as the Nixon Shock.

0:48.0

I've been speaking to someone who is at the heart of decision making.

0:52.0

I just saw that a big shot was about to occur, which was going to change the international monetary system and the global economy.

1:00.0

Forever.

1:01.0

This is Bob Hallmatz, economic adviser to Henry Kissinger, then the president's head of national security.

1:08.0

The world has just found out about Nixon's plans and foreign governments are livid.

1:13.0

The primary sentiment was, what happened?

1:16.0

Tell us more, we need more to tell.

1:18.0

This is going to have a big effect on us.

1:20.0

We need to know, why haven't the Americans told us in advance?

1:24.0

And all these I had to answer in my most diplomatic way.

1:28.0

The global economy had changed forever.

1:31.0

To explain what happened, we need to go back to 1944.

...

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