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CGP Grey

The Debt Limit Explained

CGP Grey

CGP Grey

Education

4.9820 Ratings

🗓️ 21 January 2013

⏱️ 4 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Transcript

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0:00.0

The debt limit is a kind of financial weapon of mass destruction chained to the United States government by the United States government.

0:07.0

Confused, then it's time for, the United States debt limit explained.

0:10.0

To understand the debt limit, you need to know the U.S. splits financial responsibility between the President and Congress.

0:16.0

The President has two jobs when it comes to money.

0:19.0

One, collect taxes, and two, spend those taxes to run the government.

0:22.8

This might give you the impression that the president, with regards to money, is all-powerful,

0:26.5

especially when you hear news reports on the president's new budget or his plan to raise taxes

0:30.5

on haberdasher's or lower taxes on apiarists. But reality is just the opposite, and the president

0:35.5

is the one who takes orders, from whom Congress.

0:38.3

Congress has the jobs of setting the tax level and determining how much the government will spend by writing a budget.

0:44.3

So while the President does get to submit budgets to Congress and asks for changes in the tax level,

0:48.3

these are just requests that Congress doesn't have to pay attention to.

0:52.3

Congress can add or subtract anything they want from the President's budget or throw it out entirely and write a new one.

0:58.0

The same goes for the level of taxes.

1:00.0

So Congress decides what it wants, bridges tanks, buildings courts, robots on Mars, robots on Earth,

1:05.0

national parks, whatever, and approves a budget with that stuff in it.

1:09.0

Once approved, the President is required by law to spend

1:11.7

the money Congress listed in the budget and pay for it using the taxes that Congress set.

1:16.6

As long as more taxes come in than spending goes out, everything is fine, but almost always

1:22.1

Congress puts more stuff in the budget than they cover with taxes, which means that the

1:26.3

president must borrow money to

1:27.9

cover the difference. In most countries, the story ends here because if their legislatures approve

...

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