Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast.

My name is Tom, and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about Tetralogy of Fallow.

And if you want to follow along with written notes on this topic, you can follow along at 0.0.com slash tetralogy afalo

or in the cardiology section of the zero definals pediatrics book.

So let's get straight into it.

Tetralogy of fallow is a congenital condition where there are four coexisting pathologies.

And those four pathologies are a ventricular septal defect or a VSD,

overriding aorta, pulmonary valve stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

The ventricular septal defect allows blood to flow between the ventricles.

The term overriding aorta refers to the fact that the entrance to the aorta, or the aortic

valve, is placed further over to the right than normal, which is positioned more above the

ventricular septal defect. This means that when the right ventricle contracts and sends blood

upwards, the aorta is in the direction of travel

of that blood. Therefore, a proportion of deoxygenated blood enters the aorta from the right

side of the heart. Stenosis of the pulmonary valve provides greater resistance against the flow

of blood from the right ventricle. This encourages blood to flow through the VSD into the aorta

rather than taking the normal route into the pulmonary vessels.

Therefore, the overriding aorta and the pulmonary stenosis

encouraged blood to be shunted from the right side of the heart to the left,

causing cyanosis. The increased strain on the right side of the heart to the left, causing cyanosis.

The increased strain on the muscular wall of the right ventricle as it attempts to pump blood

against the resistance of the left ventricle and the resistance of the pulmonary stenosis

...