Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years. Yacold also

partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for

gut health, an investigator-led research program. To learn more about Yachtold, visit yawcult.co.com.j, that's Y-A-K-U-L-T.

dot-C-O-J-P. When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on YacL. This is Scientific American 60-second

science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

Violence is more than a criminal problem. It's also a public health issue. More than 6,000 people are injured annually due to violence, mostly young people in low-income neighborhoods. Job programs for youth done with school have proven costly and seemed to do little to reduce violence.

But summer employment for kids still in school may be effective, according to a study by criminologist Sarah Heller at the University of Pennsylvania. She followed more than 1,600 young

people, many of whom took part in a Chicago program called One Summer Plus. It offers eight-week

stints at jobs such as camp counselors, community gardeners,

or government office workers at minimum wage. One group of kids worked 25 hours a week with an adult

mentor. Another group worked 15 hours and got 10 hours of social emotional education. A control group

got nothing. Based on school and police records, Heller found a 43% decrease in violent crime in the

two groups that had jobs. This lasted long after the program ended. Heller suggests that work

helps students learn to manage conflict, reduce frustration, and improve self-control. She concludes

that intervention programs can be low-cost and effective, quote, even for a problem as destructive

and complex as youth violence. Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American 60 Second Science,

I'm Cynthia Graver.