Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Karen Hopkins. This will just take a minute.

Imagine you're a soccer goalie. Your opponent gets ready to take a penalty kick. You're crouched in front of the net.

The past three kickers have aimed to your left. So which way do you dive? If you said right,

you'd be in good company. Because when penalty shots repeatedly head in one direction,

world-class goalkeepers are more likely to lunge the other way.

That's according to a study in the journal Current Biology.

This form of misconception, that a string of rights is bound to be broken by a left,

is also common in casinos, so much so that it's called the gambler's fallacy.

At the roulette

wheel, for example, bedders tend to back black after seeing a run of reds. We're due for

a black, the thinking goes, but in reality the roulette ball is still equally likely to land

on either color. And despite what net minders might think, the same is true for penalty kicks.

In fact, researchers studying 36 years' worth of

World Cup and Euro Cup finals found that the direction of penalty shots is basically a coin flip.

Ah, but if kickers in the next World Cup were to take advantage of the goalie falling for the gambler's

fallacy, they could really get a leg up.

Thanks for the minute.

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