Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode

I'm going to be talking about six red rashes that occur in childhood.

These are often referred to as the six childhood ex-anthoms.

And if you want to follow along with written notes on this topic, you can follow along at

zero tofinals.com slash viral ex-anthums or in the dermatology section of the zero to finals

pediatrics book. So let's jump straight in. An ex-antham is an eruptive, widespread rash.

Originally there were six viral ex-anthums known as first, second, third, fourth, fifth and six disease. These have been renamed as we've learned

more about their underlying causes. First disease is measles, second disease is scarlet fever,

third disease is Rubella, which is also known as German measles,

fourth disease is known as Duke's disease,

fifth disease is parvovirus B-19,

and sixth disease is roseola infantum.

So let's start by talking about measles.

Measles is caused by the measles virus.

It's highly contagious via respiratory droplets.

Symptoms start 10 to 12 days after exposure with fever, carisal symptoms and

conjunctivitis. Coplic spots are greyish white spots that appear on the Bucal

Mucosa, which is the inside of the cheek. They appear two days after the fever and they are

pathognomic for measles, meaning that if a patient has coplic spots, you can diagnose measles.

The measles rash starts on the face, classically behind the ears, three to five days after the fever starts.

It then spreads to the rest of the body and the rash is an erythematous

macular rash with flat lesions. Measles is self-resolving after 7 to 10 days of symptoms. Children

...