Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about scrotal lumps.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash scrotal lumps

or in the urology section of the zero definals surgery book.

So let's get straight into it.

The key causes of scrotal or testicular lumps are

a hydroceal, pharicoseal, epididymal cyst, testicular cancer,

epididimo or chytis, an ingrenal hernia or testicular

torsion. So let's start by talking about hydrosiles. A hydrocile is a collection of fluid

within the tunica vaginalis that surrounds the testes. Hydrocells are usually painless and they present with a

soft, scrotal swelling. The tunica vaginalis is a sealed pouch of membrane that surrounds the testes.

Originally, the tunica vaginalis is part of the peritoneal membrane, and during fetal development it becomes

separated from the peritone membrane and it remains in the scrotum, partially covering each testicle.

Let's talk about examination findings with a hydrosil. When a patient has a hydroceal, the testicle

will be palpable within the hydroceal.

They are soft, fluctuate and they can be quite large.

The lumps will be irreducible and have no bowel sounds, which can help distinguish it from

a hernia.

And you can transilluminate a hydroceal by shining a torch through the skin into the hydroceal,

into the fluid, causing it all to light up.

And you may be able to see the testicle floating within the fluid.

Hydroceals can be idiopathic with no apparent cause,

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