Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about sarcoma.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com slash sarcoma

or in the orthopaedic section of the zero definals surgery book.

So let's get straight into it.

Sarcomas are cancers originating in the muscles, bones or other types of connective tissue.

There are many subtypes of sarcoma which vary depending on their histology, location and degree of malignancy.

Types of bone sarcoma include osteosarcoma, which is the most common form of bone cancer,

chondrosarcoma, which is cancer originating in the cartilage, and ewing sarcoma, which is a form of bone and soft tissue cancer most often affecting children and young adults.

Types of soft tissue sarcoma include rhabdomyosarcoma, which originates in the skeletal muscle, leomyosarcoma, which originates in the smelisomyosarcoma, which originates in the skeletal muscle,

leomyosarcoma, which originates in the smooth muscle,

liposarcoma, which originates in the adipose or fat tissue,

synovial sarcoma, which originates from the soft tissues around the joints,

angiosarcoma, which originates from the blood and lymph vessels, and Kaposi sarcoma, which is cancer caused by human herpes virus 8,

most often seen in patients with end-stage HIV, causing typical red-purple, raised skin lesions, but also

affecting other parts of the body. The prognosis of sarcoma depends greatly on the type,

location, size, and the stage. It can range from a greater than 90% five-year survival for well-differentiated and resectable liposarcomas

to a less than 10% 5-year survival for angiosarcoma affecting the liver.

Let's talk about the presentation.

The presenting symptoms of sarcoma will vary depending on the location and the size of the lesion.

The key features that should raise suspicions are a soft tissue lump,

particularly if it's growing, painful or large, bone swelling and persistent bone pain.

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