Welcome to the Symposium of the Low to Cetus. Today we're joined by Bo and we're going to talk about historical inevitability and if there is such a thing or not and whether we have reasons to believe in it or not.

But it is a concept that plays and whether we have reasons to believe in it or not.

But it is a concept that plays a lot of role in people's minds nowadays.

And very frequently history is something that is very difficult to get into.

And I think that one of the ways in which we feel a bit more productive

and we feel that our awareness of history is increasing is by noticing patterns.

But there's a very large question whether these patterns are patterns that are heuristic

or patterns that are basically realities.

And whenever we talk about inevitability and necessity,

I think we're making some metaphysical claims.

So I think we should have a general conversation about what is history,

what is its linked, its link to understanding, how we can view different views of explanation and how they create different views of history,

and then talk a bit about the narrative of infinite progress and also the narrative of infinite decline.

And just I want to hear a lot what you have to say about it and see where we are going

to end up.

So what is so fascinating about history? Why do we read it?

Gosh, well that's a big question isn't it. Some people hate it, don't they? Lots of people say

I hated doing history at school. I knew a guy I used to work with the South African guy once who said he hated history.

He'd seen me reading some history text at lunchtime or something.

So why are you doing that?

Why are you wasting your time with that?

That's got no relevance to our world, our life.

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