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This is John Batchelor. A great joy to discover my long time good colleague David Grinsboon, an astrobiologist, an astronomer, a man who thinks about

space and participates in experiments and probes. He is part of the probes to Venus right now.

Find out that David is now named the New Senior Scientist for Astrobiology Strategy at NASA. A wonderful conversation with him in

his office at NASA, imagining what the future holds and where David will be looking in the experiments, the probes, the expectations of NASA define an understanding of life as we understand it and life as it could also be understood by another

foundation. David here describes how the Viking one and two probes might have been too narrow. No, we're too narrow. That life or

things that move can take many forms. One of them on earth called Extremophiles.

Here's David Grinspoon, Dr David Grinspoon,

the new senior scientist for astrobiology strategy on Hotel Mars.

Well, yeah, it gets back to that question of how you know how do we search for life and

what can we assume about life elsewhere and if we assume that life just needs

the conditions that we hear on the surface of Earth enjoy then perhaps we're being

too narrow in a way that gets back to the problem with those Viking experiments that I mentioned in 1976.

They were looking for life that really would be comfortable

with the conditions that we enjoy on the surface of Earth.

That you know, you feed some water to some dirt and you see if it's

breathing. In retrospect, it looks a little naive, but since that time, we've discovered

these extremophile organisms, literally the lovers of extremes,

...