Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

The Zero to Finals Medical Revision Podcast

Thomas Watchman

Life Sciences, Education, Medical Finals, Medicine, Surgery, Health & Fitness, Paediatrics, Medical Student, Medical Education, Medical Exams, Medical School, Medical Revision, Science, Learn Medicine, Finals Revision, Obstetrics And Gynaecology

4.8 • 678 Ratings

🗓️ 6 July 2022

⏱️ 5 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

This episode covers premature ovarian insufficiency. Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/obgyn/gynaecology/prematureovarianinsufficiency/ or in the gynaecology section of the Zero to Finals obstetrics and gynaecology book. The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

Transcript

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0:00.0	Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom, and in this episode, I'm going to be talking you through premature ovarian insufficiency.
0:13.6	And if you want written notes on this topic, you can find them at zero tofinals.com slash premature ovarian insufficiency, or in the gynecology section of the zero definals
0:23.5	obstetrics and gynecology book. So let's get straight into it. Premature ovarian insufficiency is
0:30.2	defined as menopause before the age of 40 years. It's the result of a decline in the normal
0:37.1	activity of the ovaries at an early age,
0:40.4	and it presents with early onset of the typical symptoms of the menopause.
0:45.6	Premature ovarian insufficiency is characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This is where
0:52.9	underactivity of the gonads, in this case the ovaries, which is hypogonadism. This is where underactivity of the gonads, in this case the ovaries, which is
0:58.0	hypogonadism, means there's a lack of negative feedback on the pituitary gland, and this results in
1:04.5	excessive amounts of gonadotropins, which we call hypergonadotropism. And remember the gonadotropins are LH and FSAH.
1:14.2	This means hormonal analysis by blood tests will show a raised LH and FSAH, the gonadotropins, and a low
1:22.9	estradiol level or an estrogen level. So what are the causes of premature ovarian
1:29.4	ineffic? It can be idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown, and this is the case in
1:35.1	more than 50% of cases. It can be aetrogenic, meaning due to medical interventions such as chemotherapy,
1:42.6	radiotherapy, or surgery, for example,
1:45.8	ophorectomy where the ovaries are removed. It can be autoimmune, possibly associated with
1:51.5	celiac disease, adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes or thyroid disease. It can be genetic where
1:59.5	there's a positive family history or conditions such as
2:02.8	Turner syndrome. And it can be caused by infections such as mumps, tuberculosis or cytomegalovirus.
2:10.8	So how does it present? Prometure ovarian insufficiency presents with irregular menstrual periods,
2:17.3	a lack of menstrual periods,
2:18.8	which is called secondary amenorrhea, and symptoms of low estrogen levels, such as hot flushes,
	...

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