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This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Pregnancy brings big physical changes to a woman's body.

But what three neuroscientists were more interested in was, what does it do to a woman's brain?

We were, like, on our 30s, we were thinking, oh, I would like to have a baby, but look at this, look at this.

Susanna Carmona, a neuroscientist at the University of Carlos III in Madrid.

And then we realized that most of this data come from animal studies

and that there were no solid study about what really happens to your brain when you get pregnant.

And that is how we convince the boss that we should do that,

even without any founding at this point.

Carmona and her team took MRI scans of 25 women's brains,

before and after their first child.

They found that parts of the brain dealing with social cognition actually shrunk.

They reduced in volume, in women who successfully conceived and

had kids. That's compared to no changes among control women and no changes in men either, whether

they were new fathers or not. Shrinking sounds bad though. Why would you want less gray matter?

But Carmona says less does not result in deficits in thinking or memory, and it might actually

be the results of a good thing, the fine-tuning of connections between neurons.

...