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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science.

I'm Jason Goldman.

When the Arctic Ocean freezes over in the autumn, polar bears set off in search of their

favorite meals, fatty ring seals and bearded seals.

By the summer, the sea ice begins to melt and break apart.

Deprived of access to the tasty seals, polar bears spend the summer

fasting. At least that's what's supposed to happen. As a planet warms, the warmer ice-free

season is getting longer and longer. So what's a hungry bear to do? Scientists once thought

that polar bears might survive by supplementing their pinniped diet by turning to terrestrial foods like

snow geese, their eggs, and caribou.

We've had this debate in the literature about whether terrestrial foods are nutritionally relevant

to polar bears during the on-land season when the ice is melted.

University of Alberta biologist Nick Pillfold.

And we've known for a long time, going back to research in the early 70s, when the ice is melted. University of Alberta biologist Nick Pillfold.

And we've known for a long time, going back to research in the early 70s, even going back to early explorer logs, that polar bears will consume terrestrial-based foods, but the debate was

always whether those foods actually add up energetically.

...