Support for NPR comes from NPR member stations and Eric and Wendy Schmidt through the Schmidt Family Foundation, working toward a healthy, resilient, secure world for all. On the web at theshmit.org.

Live from NPR News in Washington, I'm Rylan Barton. Federal immigration agents have shot three people and vehicles

this week, killing a woman in Minnesota and injuring two in Portland, Oregon. State officials say

they're being excluded from the federal investigations. NPR's Martin Costi has more on what the law

says about law enforcement shooting into cars. The standard is that the officer has to be,

to have an objectively reasonable perception that there's an imminent threat. That's long been the

standard. What's interesting is recently, just in May, the Supreme Court amplified that a little bit

in a case called Barnes v. Felix. It says you have to look beyond just the split second of

decision and look at the context of the

situation, taking into account perhaps what the officer did leading up to the situation, perhaps

whether he or she decided to step out of the way. And if these cases make it to court, I think

that could become quite relevant here. NPR's Martin Costi reporting, the prosecution of former

Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro could take years because it involves so many complex legal questions. NPR's Carrie Johnson reports one of them is whether Maduro is entitled to immunity.

Maduro says he's still president of Venezuela. His lawyer signaled they may challenge the narco-terrorism and cocaine charges

by arguing Maduro's entitled a head of state immunity. A court New York will have to determine

whether Maduro can be considered the legitimate leader of the country, but U.S. presidents enjoy a lot

of leeway in foreign affairs, including which governments to recognize.

Legal scholars say Maduro might have an argument that he deserves immunity for possible

official acts in the indictment, such as using the military to organize flights. Two years ago,

the U.S. Supreme Court gave President Trump and future American presidents substantial immunity for

their official acts in office.

Kerry Johnson, NPR News, Washington.

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