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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science.

I'm Steve Merski.

The Nobel Assembly at Karolinski Institute has today decided to award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly

to William Kalin, Sir Peter Ratcliffe and Greg Semenza,

for their discoveries of how cells sends and adapt to oxygen availability.

Thomas Perlman, Secretary of the Nobel Assembly, shortly after 5.30 a.m. Eastern time.

Greg Semenza was born in

1956 in New York. He performed his prize-winning studies at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore,

where he's still active. Sir Peter Ratcliffe was born in 1954 in Lancashire in the UK.

He performed his prize-winning studies at Oxford University, and he's continuing to do his research

at Oxford University, and he's also at the Francis Crick Institute in London. And William Kalin, born in 1957 in New York,

he performed his prize-winning studies at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, where he's

still active in his own lab.

Karolinska Institute researcher Randall Johnson studies the effects of low oxygen.

He explained the significance of the work of the new Nobel laureates.

This year's Nobel Prize is awarded for determining how oxygen levels are sensed by cells.

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