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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Black holes got their name because light can't escape them,

beyond a certain radius called the event horizon.

But in 1974, Stephen Hawking proposed that quantum effects at the event horizon

might cause black holes to be not completely black.

Hawking said that pairs of particles should be created at the event horizon.

Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at the Israel Institute of Technology.

One particle exits the black hole and travels away perhaps to Earth, and the other particle

falls into the black hole.

Ideally, we could just study those exiting particles which make up the so-called

hawking radiation, but that signals too weak. We can't see it against the universe's

own background radiation. So Steinhower built a model of a black hole instead,

which traps not photons, but phonons.

Think of them as sound particles, and it traps them using a gas of rubidium atoms flowing faster than the speed of sound.

And that means that phonons, particles of sound, trying to travel against the flow, are not able to go forward, they get swept back by the

flow. It's like someone trying to swim against a river which is flowing faster than they can swim.

The phonon trying to go against the flow is analogous to a photon trying to escape a black hole.

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