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This is Scientific American 60-second science. I'm Emily Schweng.

Sometimes discoveries seem so simple.

You know, basically we've found a bunch of holes in the ground.

That's Edward Reinhardt. He's an archaeologist and geologist at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.

But, you know, ultimately very important holes in the ground.

Reinhard and colleagues believe they found some of the first clear evidence of mining activity

in a system of caves in Kintanuru on the Yucatan Peninsula.

The fine dates back to between 10 and 12,000 years ago.

So these are some of the very early people that have come and migrated to the Americas

via the Bering Strait.

But getting to what remains of these miners and the tools they left is a challenge.

And like as cave divers, I mean, you've got to be so carefully you don't get lost.

These cave systems in Mexico, which were once dry, are now completely filled with water,

thanks to a warming climate and sea levels that rose over time.

Winding passageways are narrow and dark, and the walls are made of unforgiving limestone,

porous and with sharp edges. Rinehart says the water that filled the caves has preserved everything.

It's basically almost like, you know, somebody working at a factory, they turned the lights off,

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