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The Disappearing Spoon: a science history podcast with Sam Kean

Jake Leg Blues

The Disappearing Spoon: a science history podcast with Sam Kean

Sam Kean

Arts, Books, History

41.3K Ratings

🗓️ 13 May 2025

⏱️ 20 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

It was one the largest epidemics in American history: 30,000 people paralyzed over a few months in 1930. A dogged epidemiologist eventually traced the cause to adulterated bottles of an illegal liquor/medicine called “jake.” Yet the epidemic is almost completely forgotten. About the only place it survived was in blues songs...

Transcript

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0:00.0

For Ephraim Goldfane, the morning quickly got out of hand.

0:05.0

It was February 1930.

0:07.0

Goldfane was a 34-year-old doctor in Oklahoma City.

0:11.0

First thing that morning, he saw a patient with a mysterious bout of paralysis.

0:16.0

The man stumbled in off the street, barely able to walk.

0:25.7

During a consultation, the man said that he had strained his legs lifting a car.

0:29.1

A few days later, he felt tingling in his calves.

0:30.9

Then the paralysis began.

0:35.8

If he lifted his legs, his feet drooped, the toes hanging slack.

0:40.2

To walk, he had to take exaggerated steps, lifting his knees extra high, then slapping his limp foot down. Goldfane suspected that the part about lifting

0:46.3

the car was spurious. It had nothing to do with the paralysis. But beyond that, he had no idea

0:53.0

where to start.

0:59.4

Polio can cause paralysis, but other symptoms of polio were absent in the man.

1:04.9

Lead poisoning also seemed a strong possibility, but the blood work came back negative.

1:11.1

Goldfane was still puzzling over the case when another half-paralyzed man staggered in.

1:14.6

The same symptoms, a spooky coincidence.

1:22.1

Then, incredibly, three more cases arrived over the next few hours, five cases of paralysis overall.

1:23.4

Goldfane was overwhelmed.

1:25.1

He talked to one of them in detail, a podiatrist. The podiatrist said that he had

1:29.6

caught the paralysis from his patients. Goldfane asked him how he knew this. The podiatrist replied,

1:35.8

because they all have the same symptoms. Goldfane swallowed hard. There were more? The podiatrist

1:43.8

pulled a list out of his pocket. It had 65

...

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