Hello and welcome to the zero to finals podcast.

My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking you through

Introductal Papalomas.

And you can find written notes on this topic at zero to finals.com

slash introductory papilloma or in the breast surgery section of the zero

de finals surgery book. So let's get straight into it. An intraductal papilloma is a warty

lesion that grows within one of the ducts in the breast. It's the result of proliferation of the epithelial cells that line the ducks.

The typical presentation is with clear or blood-stained nipple discharge.

Intraductal papillomas are benign tumours, however they can be associated with atypical

hyperplasia or breast cancer.

Let's talk about the presentation.

Intraductal papillomas can occur at any age, but they most often occur between 35 and 55 years.

Introductal papillomas are often asymptomatic, and they may be picked up incidentally on mammograms or ultrasound scans.

They may present with nipple discharge which can be clear or bloodstained, tenderness or pain or a palpable lump.

Let's talk about the diagnosis.

Patients require triple assessment with clinical assessment with a history and examination, imaging with an ultrasound, mammogram or

MRI scan, and histology, usually by core biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy. Dctography may also be used, and this involves injecting contrast into the abnormal duct

and performing a mammogram scan to visualize that duct in more detail.

The papilloma will be seen as an area that does not fill with the contrast, and this is

referred to as a filling defect.

Finally, let's talk about management.

Introductal papillomas require complete surgical excision, so removal via surgery.

...