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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Maria Temeing. Got a minute?

Our sun has a nasty habit of spitting volatile material at us.

These incredibly hot bubbles of magnetized material are called coronal mass ejections, or CMEs,

and they can hurdle towards Earth at thousands of miles per second.

If one of us CMEs magnetic fields is aligned in just the wrong

way when the ejection reaches Earth, it could cause a magnetic storm that can temporarily disrupt

the planet's magnetic field. Such a storm has the potential to wreak havoc on technologies like

GPS satellites and utility grids, messing up radio transmissions and causing blackouts.

Currently, satellites can only tease out the orientations of magnetic fields inside and approaching

CME when it's already closing in on Earth.

We'd have about an hour's notice of an impending space storm,

hardly enough time for anyone to take the necessary protective measures.

But a team led by space scientist Neil Savani of NASA and the University of Maryland have

developed a new technique that might be able to give us a lot more lead time. Their model uses

observations of the CME's magnetic field orientations during the initial eruption and as a

cranes towards Earth, which can offer clues about what those orientations will be when they get here.

The researchers describe their work in the journal Space Weather.

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