Hi, my name is Tom and in this episode we're going to be talking about hypertrophic,

obstructive cardiomyopathy. And you can find notes at zero to finals.com and in the zero to finals

pediatrics book and questions and flashcards to train your knowledge at members.0 tofinals.com.

And if you stick around till the end of this episode, you'll have questions on this topic

to test yourself on the content you just went through. So let's get straight into it.

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy or Hocum involves thickening or hypertrophy of the left ventricle muscle,

particularly affecting the ventricular septum or the middle part of the heart.

The thickening reduces the space inside the ventricle, and it blocks blood flow up to the aorta,

and this is referred to as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Hocum is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.

Arithmia and sudden cardiac death often occurred during exertion when there's increased demand on the heart.

It's a notable cause of sudden cardiac death in young people, including

high-performance athletes. Hocum is an autosomal dominant genetic condition resulting from a defect in the

genes that code for sarcomere proteins. It occurs in about 1 in 500 people. A family

history of heart disease and sudden death is very relevant. However, a de novo mutation or a new

mutation may occur in patients without a family history.

Let's go through the presentation.

Most patients are asymptomatic.

They don't have any symptoms of the condition at all.

Patients can present with non-specific symptoms which may occur during exertion, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, syncope,

or loss of consciousness, chest pain, and palpitations. Severe cases may present with

symptoms of heart failure, for example, cough, shortness of breath, orthopnia, or discomfort lying flat,

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