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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Jason Goldman. In North America, many critters

commonly encountered today, like wild turkeys or white-tailed deer, were brought back from

near oblivion through conservation efforts led by hunters. Meanwhile, in Africa, some of the most

charismatic species are now being hunted into

extinction. But hunting can also have impacts that are far more subtle. Take the brown bear,

known here in the U.S. as the grizzly. When large mammals like grizzlies are hunted,

evolution might select for speedier life cycles. That is, in order

to successfully reproduce before they risk getting shot, bears might begin having cubs at a younger age.

That change also allows them to reproduce more times throughout their lives. But that's not the

only possible reaction to being hunted.

The brown bear population in Sweden has been monitored for about 30 years. And researcher

in Scandinavia have noticed that females started to change their reproductive strategies. And they

would observe that females would keep their cubs for longer periods of times nowadays.

University of Sherbrook biologist Joni Vandevali.

Usually females give birth in January while in their den,

but some females, rather than waning their cubs after one year and a half,

continue to care for them for an extra year.

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