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Today on something you should know, where do potholes come from? And why do we have them anyway?

Then effective ways to prepare for your next big event from a renowned Jeopardy Champion.

One thing that I did for Jeopardy was I would bring my flashcards to the gym, hand them to a trainer, and then hold the top of a chin up for 30 seconds or a minute and have him or her ask me the questions.

Then there are things that can mess with your memory that are really no big deal. And understanding how data and statistics really work, because you can make data say whatever you want.

I think a really straightforward example is using statistics to demonstrate that stocks actually deliver babies.

Actually if you look at the data, there's pretty good evidence for that. All this today on something you should know.

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Something you should know fascinating intel the world's top experts and practical advice you can use in your life today. Something you should know with my corothers.

I welcome to something you should know. I don't have a lot of pet peeves. I have a few of them. And one of them is potholes. I hate potholes. Because it always seems that it's that that one half a second where I look at how fast I'm going or I look in the rear view mirror during that split second is when the pothole appears and my wheel goes in it.

And it's usually when I have a cup of coffee in my hand. I hate potholes. So where do they come from? Well, it turns out that when water seeps into the rock gravel and soil underneath the asphalt and then freezes.

That expands a little bit and it acts like a bit of a jack that applies pressure up against the pavement. That weakens the asphalt and then it cracks which makes it even easier for water to penetrate the surface which leads to repeated freeze thaw, freeze thaw cycles. And then more structural damage occurs.

Melting ice leaves gaps and voids and the pothole begins with all this happening the burden of traffic over the pavement doesn't stop. It drives the asphalt back into the gaps created by the melted ice. So over a period of time the entire process results in a hole that is destined to make you spill your coffee.

It also turns out there's a pothole season. It's more common to happen in late winter and spring because of the freeze thaw, freeze thaw cycles.

By the way, the word pothole comes from pottery makers in England in the 15th and 16th centuries. What they would do is they would excavate the ruts made by wagon and coach wheels to retrieve clay out of those ruts. And when they did that it made the holes larger.

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