Where are you from? No, where are you really from? And hey, your English is good.

Many of us are familiar with the idea of microaggressions, the indirect, subtle, often unintentional,

incidents of racism or bias that members of marginalized groups experience every day. Despite the syllable

micro in the name of these phenomena, psychologists have found that experiencing constant

microaggressions can take a toll on people's physical and mental health. In recent years,

they've begun to devise strategies that people can use when they experience or witness microaggressions

to defuse and neutralize these everyday instances of racism and bias.

So what makes something a microaggression?

How do microaggressions differ from simple rudeness?

What effects do microaggressions have on those who experience them?

Why are they so harmful and in what ways?

And what should you do when you experience a microaggression or when you see one directed at someone else?

Welcome to Speaking of Psychology, the flagship podcast of the American Psychological Association

that examines the links

between psychological science and everyday life. I'm Kim Mills.

My guest today is Dr. Daryl Wing-Soup, a professor of psychology and education in the

Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University.

He is a pioneer in the field of microaggression research, as well as in multicultural psychology,

multicultural education, multicultural counseling and therapy, the psychology of racial

dialogues, and the psychology of racism and anti-racism. His research has helped elucidate the causes and consequences of microaggressions,

as well as to devise strategies to combat them.

He's the author of nearly 200 scholarly publications and 23 books,

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