And the Hi, I'm Peter Adamson, and you're listening to the History of Philosophy Podcast, brought to you

with the support of the LMU in Munich, online at

W.W. dot history of philosophy. net. Today's episode will be an interview about

al-Gazale with Frank Griffel, who is professor of Islamic Studies at Yale University.

Hi Frank, thanks for inviting me.

Thanks for coming on.

One of the things I wanted to talk to you about because you've written about it is how

Hazzale affected conceptions of orthodoxy and toleration of belief in

Islam.

Before we get on to what Ghazali has to say about that, I thought maybe we should start

by having you say what the situation is before

Hazali so what is the sort of standard attitude towards which beliefs can be

tolerated and what happens to if you step out of line in the Islamic

world.

Right.

When you talked about the Tahafuda, I think you explained that on the last page,

Al-Gazali has this verdict of unbelief, Kufer, against the philosophers.

And one of the things I have to keep in mind that for Al-Razale-Kufir always means apostasy from Islam.

But he thinks about apostasy in a different way as earlier legal scholars in Islam have thought about it.

Apostasy in the real meaning and the earlier meaning in this case,

earlier in the sense of how Al-Gazali understood it means that somebody walks away from Islam and says for instance

from now on I'm no longer a Muslim and I actually want to be a Christian. That is

...