No Mad Century is the book. I'm John Bachelor with Guy Vincent. We're now restoring a planet that's been damaged badly by climate change in the 20th century in the 21st century.

And the restoration is technological, so I need Gaya to translate some of this.

We have BECCS, bioenergy, and carbon capture and

storage. We have good old-fashioned CCS carbon capture and storage. We have ocean fertilization, wonderful story. Let's begin

there. Ocean fertilization. We've got what, three-fifths of the planet, so we've got a

lot to work with. What does it look like guy and what benefit will we get from it?

Well, I mean, so at the moment our oceans are already very depleted. They are 30% more acidic than they were in pre-industrial times, and that means coral reefs

and other shell-building organisms really struggle to, they need a lot more energy to build their shells. It's much hotter, so you know,

coral reefs are on their way to extinction in the next couple of decades.'s a it's a absolutely terrible story but we can you know we can

start the restoration process and we need to start it now so ocean fertilization is is something that could work.

At the moment we haven't done nearly the trials that we need to do for it and it's still very controversial.

But oceans are naturally fertilized by this limiting factor which is iron which flows it's blown off the deserts of the Sahara and the Namibian deserts into the ocean

where it fertilizes these microplank, these algae, these algae, which are the basis of an enormous food chain, including things like

Wales.

And this system was sort of self-perpetuating for, you know, before we, before humans messed it up, basically.

And we messed it up to start with by wailing so we killed a lot of the

whales and what the whales did in this in this self-perpeturing cycle was eat a lot of these plankton

and then they would do their poo.

And this poo would fertilize, for a start,

it would fertilize more algae and other organisms but it would also help bury a large amount of

carbon in the in the the floor of the ocean when these when they when these algae plankton die.

So this was a really important cycle which we messed up with this enormous whaling.

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