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Science Quickly

Give Us This Day the Bread Wheat Genome

Science Quickly

Scientific American

Science

4.2639 Ratings

🗓️ 17 July 2014

⏱️ 2 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

A preliminary map of the bread wheat genome includes the locations of more than 75,000 genes. Cynthia Graber reports    Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Transcript

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0:00.0

Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

0:05.8

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years.

0:11.0

Yacold also partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for gut health, an investigator-led research program.

0:19.6

To learn more about Yachtolt, visit yawcult.co.j.p.

0:23.9

That's y-A-K-U-L-T dot-C-O-J-P.

0:28.4

When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on YacL.

0:34.1

This is Scientific American 60-second science.

0:37.0

I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

0:39.3

Wheat helped create civilization in the Middle East. It's a staple crop for 30% of the world's

0:44.1

population. And now, with the publication of four articles in the journal Science, we're

0:48.4

close to a detailed understanding of the bread wheat genome. Wheat is tough to sequence. It's gone

0:53.6

through multiple hybridizations,

0:55.1

making its genome five times larger than a human one. Plus, there are many redundancies.

0:59.4

More than 80% of the genome is made of repeated DNA sequences. So the typical whole genome shotgun

1:05.0

approach, breaking genomes into segments and then reassembling them, doesn't work for wheat.

1:09.4

Instead, an international consortium

1:11.2

devised another strategy involving physically mapping individual chromosomes and chromosome arms.

1:16.2

One paper details a draft of the entire genome of breadweed. Another identifies all the genes on

1:21.5

the largest of the plant's 21 chromosomes. Some 75,000 genes have been mapped. The methods in the

1:27.1

second paper will help scientists map the remaining chromosomes.

1:30.4

They say it should take another three years.

1:32.6

Knowing exactly which genes are responsible for talent, such as tolerating drought or improving

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