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When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on YacL.

This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science.

I'm Steve Merski. Got a minute?

It's not just gamblers using science. In many cases, science has benefited enormously from people

studying the house. Mathematician Adam Kucharski, he's the author of the new book, The Perfect

Bet, how science and math are taking the luck out of gambling.

Back in Renaissance, actually, probability theory was developed to study these games.

I mean, can you imagine having bets where it's not actually clear what a fair game is?

For example, in the 17th century, the question came up, do you have the same chance of throwing a six by rolling one die four times, or of throwing two sixes

by rolling two dice 24 times?

That had been around a while, those kind of bets and those kind of questions, and that

was, so it's Fermat and Pascal who developed a lot of this theory, and one of the crucial things

was this concept of an expected value. You know,

if you play a game repeatedly, what do you expect to win on average? And until you have that kind

of theory in place, it's very hard to actually compare two bets directly and work out which one

is more preferable. Pascal figured out that your chances of throwing one six in four rolls of a die

was slightly more than 50%. But your chances of throwing one six in four rolls of a die was slightly more than 50%.

...