Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be

talking to you about Frozen Shoulder. And you can find written notes on this topic at zero tofinals.com

slash frozen shoulder or in the orthopedic section of of the zero definals surgery book.

So let's get straight into it.

Frozen shoulder is also called adhesive capsulitis.

It's a relatively common cause of shoulder pain and stiffness.

The loss of range of motion and function in the

shoulder joint can significantly impair activities. Frozen shoulder most commonly affects

people in middle age. Diabetes is a key risk factor. Adesive capsulitis can be either primary,

occurring spontaneously without a trigger, or secondary,

occurring in response to trauma, surgery or immobilization.

Let's talk about the pathophysiology.

The glenohumeral joint is the ball and socket joint in the shoulder.

It's surrounded by connective tissue that forms the joint capsule.

In adhesive capsulitis, inflammation and fibrosis in the joint capsule lead to adhesions,

which is scar tissue.

The adhesions bind the capsule and cause it to tighten around the joint, restricting movement in the joint.

Next let's talk about the presentation.

There is a typical course of symptoms in frozen shoulder with three phases.

The painful phase, and shoulder pain is often the first symptom and maybe worse at

night time. The stiff phase and shoulder stiffness develops and affects both active and passive

movement. External rotation is the most affected movement and the most restricted movement,

...