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This is Scientific American 60-second science. I'm Emily Schweng. Half of all fish people eat worldwide now come from fish farms, so farms need to do more to keep up with

demand. And if we look to the future at today's per capita fish intake around the world,

we would need to double aquaculture production.

Ron Hardy is the University of Idaho's Director of Aquaculture Research.

He presented his research at the recent International Symposium on fish nutrition and feeding in Sun Valley, Idaho, which he also chaired.

In the wild, rainbow trout eat insects and other smaller fish. But Hardy says there aren't enough little fish to feed larger fish in the wild and still meet market demand as human population increases. So he's used selective breeding to create strains of farmed fish that get by on food that's less expensive than little fish.

Feed made from soybeans, corn, and wheat.

Some of the farmed fish really thrive.

Sixteen years ago, Hardy had to wait a year for a one-pound trout.

These days, his efforts yield trout up to four times as large in the same amount of time.

So it'd be kind of like if you're going to breed, I don't know, dogs.

So we've got everything from Rottweilers to, you know, little Scotty's or whatever.

But the farmed fish aren't completely vegetarian.

So it means don't have skeletons.

They don't have bones. And the bones in fishmeal are a major source of minerals for the fish, for example. And much like humans,

fish diets require omega-3 fatty acids, not found in terrestrial plants. So Hardy has to add a little

fish oil back into the plant-based feed.

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