meta_pixel
Tapesearch Logo
Log in
BBC Inside Science

Ebola model, Partula snails, Malaria origin

BBC Inside Science

BBC

Technology, Science

4.5 β€’ 1.3K Ratings

πŸ—“οΈ 17 October 2019

⏱️ 28 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Zoonotic diseases are infections that transfer from animals to people, and include killers such as bubonic plague, malaria, ebola and a whole host of others. Trying to understand how diseases make the leap from animals to humans – so called spillover – and how outbreaks occur is a crucial part of preventing them. But outbreaks are complex and dynamic, with a huge number of factors playing a role: What animal is hosting the disease, the environment in which it lives, the changing climate, human presence and impact on the local area and many other factors. Kate Jones is professor of ecology and biodiversity at University College London, and has been tracking ebola in Africa. Her team has just published a new study that models how and when spillover might happen in the future. On the lushly forest islands of French Polynesia, there lives a very special snail. Partula are around 100 species of tiny snails who give birth to live young and feed on decomposing plants. Each species is uniquely adapted to a particular ecological niche. But in 1967, the highly edible Giant African Land Snail was introduced to the islands as a source of food. They quickly became pests, and in response, the French Polynesian government then introduced carnivorous Rosy Wolf Snails - aka Euglandina rosea - to quell the spread of the introduced Giant Land snails. Reporter Naomi Clements-Brode picks up the story with scientist Ann Clarke, along with Dave Clarke and Paul Pearce-Kelly at ZSL London Zoo. Finally this week, malaria is, as best we can account for it, the single greatest killer in human history. The vast majority of malaria is caused by a type of single celled protozoan called Plasmodium falciparum, carried by mosquitos. But according to new research published this week, it started out around fifty thousand years ago not in us, but as a gorilla disease, and in one particularly unlucky gorilla, two simultaneous infections prompted the mutation and rise of the plasmodium parasite that would go on to kill millions. Dr Gavin Wright from the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Hinxton lead the team behind this molecular archaeology.

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

Hello you this is the podcast of Inside Science from BBC Radio 4 first broadcast on the 17th of October 2019

0:06.5

I'm Adam Rutherford.

0:08.1

Human kind's impact on the environment is unprecedented. We have shaped the world we live in and the consequences of this are only just

0:15.5

beginning to be understood. We're not talking about climate change this week, at least not specifically,

0:20.8

but about zootic diseases.

0:23.0

These are the infections that are transferred from animals to people

0:26.0

and included in this menagerie are killers such as Bubonic Plague, Malaria,

0:30.0

flu, Ebola and a host of others. Malaria alone is the single greatest cause of human

0:36.4

death in our history. These diseases and our changing relationship with animals, with infections

0:41.8

and the environment, is the theme of today's program.

0:44.4

Later we'll be hearing about how malaria itself became a human disease.

0:49.1

Scientists have recreated its ancestor, one that mutated in a gorilla thousands of years ago.

0:55.0

And the story of a failed conservation attempt, carnivorous snail-on- snail action,

0:59.6

turned into a success story over 30 years which brought a species back from the edge of extinction.

1:06.1

But first, trying to understand how diseases make the leap from animals to humans, so-called

1:11.0

spillover, and how outbreaks occur is a crucial part of preventing them.

1:16.0

But outbreaks are complex and dynamic with a huge number of factors playing a role, what animal

1:21.3

is hosting the disease, the environment in which it lives, the changing climate,

1:25.0

human presence in that environment and how that changes as we cut back forests, hunt animals, and a thousand other things.

1:32.0

Kate Jones is a professor of ecology and biodiversity at University College London

1:36.0

and has been tracking Ebola in Africa.

1:38.0

Her team has just published a new study that crunches a ton of data about the environment and human behavior and

...

Please login to see the full transcript.

Disclaimer: The podcast and artwork embedded on this page are from BBC, and are the property of its owner and not affiliated with or endorsed by Tapesearch.

Generated transcripts are the property of BBC and are distributed freely under the Fair Use doctrine. Transcripts generated by Tapesearch are not guaranteed to be accurate.

Copyright Β© Tapesearch 2025.