Hey folks, welcome to the Dark Horse Podcast. This is the sixth in a series of live streams with Dr. Heather Heine sitting as always to my right.

We have some interesting things to discuss with you today and it is in some sense an unusual podcast.

We will start with corrections and then we will get to the part that is in many ways much more personal.

I should also add that we are working on technical aspects of the podcast and so anyway this is a painful process. We are discovering all sorts of

wrinkles that need to be ironed out of our system. Hopefully we will have

fewer dropped frames today and better continuity with the sound. I will try to remember to speak into the microphone, which sometimes I don't do when I'm looking at my lovely wife.

So if you have other observations that we ought to know about, please don't be shy about sharing them and we will attempt to refine this process as we go.

All right. As far as corrections go, we have a few things to discuss. First, I had a number of people tell me that we had it wrong with respect to whether or not urine is sanitary.

I would have to go back and look at exactly what we said. Stereol was the word that we used.

Stereol. Okay. So I think the problem here, there is a correction that needs to be made, which is that it certainly can't be considered sterile.

There are in fact things that are transmitted in urine. They tend to be difficult to transmit that way, but they have been cultured by people who have looked for it.

That is to say, there is bacterial load in urine. There is bacteria in the bladder. At some point it was imagined that maybe there wasn't, but and there's more bacteria in the bladder and urine of people with current urinary tract infections, but there's always some bacteria in even the healthiest urine.

The issue though comes down to one of extremophiles and evolution. So while urine is not sterile, it does have some sanitizing properties by virtue of the high salt content.

And it is not that things cannot adapt to the high salt content, clearly urinary tract infections manage it.

But it is difficult to evolve those things and to the extent that things evolve resistance to extreme environments, they have a difficult time with normal environments.

So there's a trade-off there and this explains why it was the mass eye who utilized cow urine to wash their hands. There is some sanitizing capacity there.

So it's a partial correction in that case.

And it's certainly more useful as a sanitizer than any other bodily excretion I can think of.

Wow, okay.

Well, I mean, yes, you could go gross with that, but you could also say, okay, spit work? No.

And you know, anything blood, no, VCs, obviously not.

Right. Okay, good. Second, some folks challenged me. I was asked what sort of preparatory materials did I leave when we moved out of Olympia and to Portia?

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