Understanding the human body is a team effort. That's where the Yachtel group comes in.

Researchers at Yachtolt have been delving into the secrets of probiotics for 90 years.

Yacold also partners with nature portfolio to advance gut microbiome science through the global grants for gut health, an investigator-led research program.

To learn more about Yachtolt, visit yawcult.co.

.jp. That's Y-A-K-U-L-T.C-O.J-P. When it comes to a guide for your gut, count on Yacolt.

This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Talata. Got a minute?

Four billion years ago, our solar system was a very different, very violent place.

So this is the time when life was just emerging on our planet.

Stephen Moisesh, a geologist at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

It's the time when most of the big scars that you see of the craters of the moon formed.

Those scars are the remnants of what he calls a game of planetary billiards.

And Jupiter's gravity is the big break,

which sends comets and asteroids flying.

And then these things go bouncing around all over the place.

Many of the directions that they go are unpredictable, even if they are governed by gravity.

Moises and his colleague Oleg Abramov used supercomputers to model the beat-up surface of Mars at that long ago time.

And they found that all that planetary pummeling from tiny sand grains, to model the beat-up surface of Mars at that long ago time.

And they found that all that planetary pummeling, from tiny sand grains, all the way up to rocks at least 25 times as big as the one that killed off the dynos here on Earth, could have

translated into enough thermal energy to cook the surface of the planet, melt the Martian ice,

and start up hydrothermal springs.

And for microbial life, hydrothermal systems, also known as hot springs, it's like the free buffet bar in Vegas.

Everyone just rushes there, right?

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