Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be

talking to you about congenital structural abnormalities. And you can find written notes on this topic

at zero definals.com slash structural abnormalities or in the gynecology section of the zero definals obstetrics and

gyny book. So let's get straight into it. Congenital structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract

are caused by abnormal development of the pelvic organs prior to birth. This can lead to menstrual, sexual and reproductive problems. These abnormalities

may be the result of faulty genes or occur randomly in otherwise healthy individuals. This section

covers some of the key congenital structural abnormalities that you may encounter in your exams and during

your career. Firstly, let's start by talking about the basic embryological development of the

female pelvic organs. The upper vagina, cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes develop from something called the paramehonephric ducts,

which are also known as the Malarian Ducks.

These are a pair of passageways along the outside of the urogenital region

that fuse and mature to become the uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix and the upper third of the vagina.

Errors in their development lead to congenital structural abnormalities in the female pelvic organs.

In a male fetus, anti-malarian hormone is produced which suppresses the growth of the parameasinephric ducks, causing them to disappear.

Here's a tom tip for you. If you remember one thing about the embryology of the female reproductive system, remember the malarian ducks.

Medical school exams are unlikely to test your knowledge of the embryology of the female reproductive system in detail unless the exam is specific to that topic.

However, they may refer to a congenital structural abnormality and ask you what structure in the fetus this relates to.

The answer is the malariain ducks.

Equally, they may ask why males do not develop a uterus,

and the answer is anti-malarion hormone.

Let's talk about a condition called bichorice.

A bichoruit uterus is where there are two horns in the uterus,

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