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This is Scientific American 60-second science. I Christopher Ndallata. Got a minute?

Winter is high time for humidifiers because dry air can irritate your throat.

But a new study finds that arid conditions might have influenced the development of the varied languages that some people speak.

Extensive research on human physiology suggests that really dry air makes it harder for us

to use our vocal cords very precisely.

Caleb Everett, an anthropological linguistics professor at the University of Miami.

He and his colleagues recently investigated that dry throat phenomenon in regards to

complex tonal languages, like Cantonese.

Where various combinations of rising and falling tones can actually change the meaning of a word,

as opposed to non-tonal languages, like English or Italian.

In the non-tonals, the fundamental meaning is the same, whether I say word, word, or word.

By mapping the distribution of more than 3,700 tonal and non-tonal languages,

Everett and his colleagues found that tonal languages tend to cluster in warm, humid areas,

and they're ten times less prevalent in dry

sub-freezing climes, like Siberia, compared with non-tonal languages.

The studies in the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Of course, it's physically possible to speak a tonal language in a cold place.

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