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Hello and so Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, the medieval knight for whom the novel is named,

praises the idea of chivalry to the book's hero in Rebecca. Chivalry, according to Ivanhoe,

is that the stay of the oppressed, the redresser of grievances, the curb of the power of the tyrant,

nobility, were but an empty name without her and liberty fires the best protection in her

lance and her sword. Chivalry was the code of honor observed by medieval knights. It began as

a set of conventions about behavior on the battlefield and developed into an elaborate code of governing

many different aspects of knightly behavior, from a warrior's moral and religious duties to his

lover first. From the time of the crusades onwards, chivalry was a significant factor in European

society, not just influencing how war was conducted, but also leaving a significant legacy

in art, music and literature. With me to discuss chivalry are Mary Rubin, professor of medieval

and early modern history and head of the school of history at Queen Mary University of London,

Matthew Strickland, professor of medieval history at the University of Glasgow and Laura Ash,

associate professor in English at the University of Oxford and fellow of Worcester College.

Matthew Strickland, can you give us some idea when chivalry, as we generally are going to

regard it in this programme, first appeared in recognizable form? Yes, it emerges clearly from

the sources, the obscurity of the sources around the year 1100, but it has its origins in the

the post-carol engine world, the collapse of the carol engine empire in the late ninth and early

10th century. And how did we see it forming? So it has its origins, what were they? Well,

whereas the carol engine empires wars in the Emperor of Charlemagne. Yes, Emperor of Charlemagne.

Crown King, Christmas Day 800. That's the one. Emperor, sorry. Indeed. And his wars are essentially

...