What's up guys? Today we're going to talk about Epistaxus. We're going to go over the epidemiology, anatomy,

atology, patient presentation, physical exam, and management. So with that said, let's dive right in and talk

about Epistaxus. Epistaxus is a common complaint that occurs in

up to 60% of the general population. So no matter what field of medicine you're in, you're

likely going to run across one of these patients on numerous occasions.

Epistaxus has a bimodal age distribution,

with most cases occurring before age 10

and then peeking an occurrence once more

in patients 45 to 65 years of age.

A seasonal variation is also seen with the predominance of nosebleeds happening more frequently in winter months.

Now before we go on, let's briefly talk about some anatomy of the nose. Epistaxus can be broken down into anterior and posterior

bleeds. Antere bleeds make up the majority of these cases and account for

about 90%. The most common origin of anterior bleeds occur in the

kisselbox plexus. Three primary blood

muscles and nastomosis into this region and are as follows, the septile branch of

the anterior ethmoid artery, the lateral branch of the spino-palatine artery, and the septo branch of the facial

artery.

While posterior nosebleeds most commonly arise from two vessels and are from the posterior

lateral branches of the spino-palatine artery, or they can arise from the internal

carotid artery. So now that we know what arteries are commonly involved, what are the most

common causes of anterior nosebleeds?

anterior nosebleeds most commonly result from eukosa trauma or irritation.

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